/* Base Styles */
:root {
    --primary-color: #2c3e50;
    --secondary-color: #3498db;
    --accent-color: #e74c3c;
    --light-color: #ecf0f1;
    --dark-color: #2c3e50;
    --text-color: #333;
    --text-light: #777;
    --font-primary: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
    --font-heading: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
    --header-h: 120px;  
}

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-primary);
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--text-color);
    background-color: #fff;
}

.container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 10px;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-color);
}

ul {
    list-style: none;
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 12px 24px;
    background-color: var(--secondary-color);
    color: white;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
}

.btn-small {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.section-header {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 50px;
}

.section-header h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.section-header p {
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

section {
    padding: 30px 0;
    scroll-margin-top: var(--header-h);
}

section:nth-child(even) {
    background-color: var(--light-color);
}

/* Placeholder for images */
.placeholder-image {
    background-color: #ddd;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 200px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #999;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

/* Header Styles */
/* header {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: var(--transition);
} */

header {
  position: sticky; /* instead of fixed */
  top: 0;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

header .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 20px;
}

.logo h1 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin: 0;
}

.logo p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
}

nav ul {
    display: flex;
}

nav ul li {
    margin-left: 30px;
}

nav ul li a {
    color: var(--text-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    position: relative;
}

nav ul li a:hover,
nav ul li a.active {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

nav ul li a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -5px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--secondary-color);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

nav ul li a:hover::after,
nav ul li a.active::after {
    width: 100%;
}

.mobile-menu-btn {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.mobile-menu-btn span {
    width: 25px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    margin: 2px 0;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
    height: 40vh;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)), url('../images/hero-bg.jpg');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    color: white;
}

.hero-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 10px;                     /* clean, consistent spacing between elements */
}

.hero-content h2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;             /* reduced from 3.5rem */
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin: 0;
}

.hero-content p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin: 0;
}

.hero-content a {
    margin-top: 10px;
}


/* About Section */
.about-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 50px;
}

.about-text {
    flex: 1;
}

.about-text p {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.about-text ul {
    list-style-type: disc;
    padding-left: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.about-text li {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.team-member {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.about-image {
    flex: 1;
}

/* Research Section */
.research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 30px;
}

.research-item {
    background-color: white;
    padding: 30px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: var(--transition);
    text-align: center;
}

.research-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.research-icon {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.research-item h3 {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* #research .research-item p {
  text-align: left;
  } */
  
#research .research-item p {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 1rem;      /* space for the bullet */
    margin: 0.4rem 0;
    text-align: left;
}

#research .research-item p::before {
  content: "•";            /* the bullet */
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  color: #444;             /* adjust color if you like */
  font-size: 1rem;         /* size of the bullet */
  line-height: 1.2;
}
/* Team Section */
.team-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 30px;
}

.team-member {
    background-color: white;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.team-member:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.member-image {
    height: 250px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.member-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.team-member h3 {
    padding: 20px 20px 5px;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.member-title {
    padding: 0 20px;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.member-bio {
    padding: 0 20px 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.member-social {
    display: flex;
    padding: 0 20px 20px;
    gap: 15px;
}

.member-social a {
    color: var(--text-light);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.member-social a:hover {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.team-cta {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 40px;
}

/* Publications Section */
.publications-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.publication-item {
    background-color: white;
    padding: 25px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.publication-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.publication-item h3 {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.authors {
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.venue {
    font-style: italic;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.publication-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
}

.publications-cta {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 40px;
}

/* Software Section */
.software-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 30px;
}

.software-item {
    background-color: white;
    padding: 30px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: var(--transition);
    text-align: center;
}

.software-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.software-item .left-desc {
text-align: left;
}

.software-icon {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.software-item h3 {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.software-item p {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.software-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 10px;
}

/* Photos Section */
.photo-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 20px;
}

/* tile */
.photo-item {
  height: 250px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: none;        /* remove the drop shadow */
  background: transparent; /* no background fill */
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
/* hover */
.photo-item:hover {
  transform: scale(1.03);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

/* image */
.photo-item img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    background: transparent;
    border-radius: 8px;

}
/* optional CTA */
.photos-cta {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 40px;
}
/* Join Section */
.join-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 50px;
}

.join-text {
    flex: 1;
}

.join-text p {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.join-text h3 {
    margin: 20px 0 10px;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.join-text ul {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

.join-text ul li {
    list-style-type: disc;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.join-image {
    flex: 1;
}

/* News Section */
.news-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.news-item {
    background-color: white;
    padding: 25px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.news-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.news-date {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.news-item h3 {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.news-cta {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 40px;
}

/* Contact Section */
.contact-info {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  flex-wrap: wrap; /* keeps it responsive */
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.contact-item {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 250px; /* prevents items from getting too small */
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 15px;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: #f9f9f9;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.contact-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

.contact-icon {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  color: var(--secondary-color);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.contact-text h3 {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.contact-text p,
.contact-text a {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #555;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.contact-text a:hover {
  color: var(--secondary-color);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    padding: 60px 0 20px;
}

.footer-content {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 40px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.footer-logo h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.footer-links h3,
.footer-social h3 {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.footer-links ul li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.footer-links ul li a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
}

.footer-links ul li a:hover {
    color: white;
}

.social-icons {
    display: flex;
    gap: 15px;
}

.social-icons a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-radius: 50%;
    color: white;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.social-icons a:hover {
    background-color: var(--secondary-color);
    color: white;
}

.footer-bottom {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding-top: 20px;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

/* Responsive Styles */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .about-content,
    .join-content,
    .contact-content {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    
    .about-image,
    .join-image {
        margin-top: 30px;
    }
    
    .section-header h2 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .hero-content h2 {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    header .container {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
    
    nav {
        width: 100%;
        margin-top: 20px;
    }
    
    nav ul {
        display: none;
        flex-direction: column;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    nav ul.show {
        display: flex;
    }
    
    nav ul li {
        margin: 10px 0;
    }
    
    .mobile-menu-btn {
        display: flex;
        position: absolute;
        top: 20px;
        right: 20px;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 30px;
    }
    
    .footer-bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 10px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .section-header h2 {
        font-size: 1.8rem;
    }
    
    .hero-content h2 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .hero-content p {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    
    .research-grid,
    .team-grid,
    .software-grid,
    .photo-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.clean-list ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.clean-list li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
}

.alumni-list h4 {
    margin-top: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.alumni-list ul {
    list-style: none; /* This might be covered by .clean-list already */
    padding-left: 0; /* This might be covered by .clean-list already */
}

.alumni-list ul li {
    margin-bottom: 12px; /* Increased spacing */
    padding-bottom: 12px; /* Increased spacing */
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; /* From .clean-list, adjust as needed */
    font-size: 1rem; /* From .clean-list, adjust as needed */
    line-height: 1.6; /* From .clean-list, adjust as needed */
}

.alumni-list ul li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none; /* Remove border from the last item */
}

/* Styles for Main Content Area with Sidebar */
.main-content-area {
    display: flex; /* Enables Flexbox */
    gap: 20px; /* Space between main content and sidebar */
    margin-top: 30px; /* Add some space above this area if needed */
    margin-bottom: 30px; /* Add some space below this area if needed */
}

.primary-content {
    flex: 4; /* Main content takes up 3 parts of the space */
    /* background-color: #f9f9f9; */ /* Optional: for visual distinction */
    /* padding: 20px; */ /* Optional: if sections inside don't have their own */
}

.sidebar-news {
    flex: 1; /* Sidebar takes up 1 part of the space */
    background-color: var(--light-color); /* Light background for the sidebar */
    padding: 20px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    height: fit-content; /* Makes the sidebar only as tall as its content, or use sticky positioning */
    position: sticky; /* Makes the sidebar stick as you scroll */
    top: var(--header-h);
}

.sidebar-news .section-header { /* Simplified header for sidebar */
    text-align: left;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.sidebar-news .section-header h2 {
    font-size: 1.8rem; /* Adjust size as needed */
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.sidebar-news .section-header p { /* Hide the <p> if it exists and is not needed */
    display: none;
}

.sidebar-news .news-list ul {
    padding-left: 0; /* Remove default padding if .clean-list doesn't cover it */
}

.sidebar-news .news-list li {
    font-size: 0.9rem; /* Slightly smaller font for sidebar */
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; /* Lighter border for sidebar news items */
}

.sidebar-news .news-list li:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
}

.sidebar-news .news-cta {
    text-align: center; /* Center the "View All News" button */
    margin-top: 20px;
}

/* Responsive Adjustments for Sidebar Layout */
@media (max-width: 992px) { /* Tablet and below */
    .main-content-area {
        flex-direction: column; /* Stack main content and sidebar */
    }

    .primary-content {
        flex-basis: 100%; /* Take full width when stacked */
    }

    .sidebar-news {
        flex-basis: 100%; /* Take full width when stacked */
        margin-top: 30px; /* Add space when stacked below main content */
        position: static; /* Disable sticky positioning on smaller screens */
    }
}

/* Adjust padding for sections if they are now inside primary-content and look too cramped */
/* For example, if your sections already have 'padding: 60px 0;' 
   and .primary-content also adds padding, it might be too much. 
   Inspect and adjust as needed.
*/
.primary-content section {
    /* If sections have their own .container, their padding might still be fine.
       If not, you might need to adjust their top/bottom padding.
       Example:
       padding-top: 40px;
       padding-bottom: 40px;
    */
}
.more-projects {
text-align: center;
font-style: italic;
color: #888;
margin-top: 1rem;
}

#alumni {
  background-color: transparent; /* inherit page background instead of gray */
}
#alumni .container {
  background-color: white;       /* container stays white */
  padding: 2rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
}